Outbreak of metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2-positive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Ivory Coast.

(Figure S1, available as Supplementary data at JAC Online). These plasmids were reported not only in E. coli but also in S. enterica, in particular of serovars Llandoff, London, Newport and Typhimurium of chicken and human origin. 3 In conclusion, the bla CTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 plasmid, which is dominant in various animal species in Europe and has also been reported in humans infected with S. enterica, appears to be dominant in food-and non-food-producing Tunisian animals. These data underline the international role of the bla CTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 plasmid in ESBL epidemiology in animals. The risk of dissemination of the bla CTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 plasmid from E. coli to S. enterica in Tunisia, as reported in Europe, is also a major concern. Furthermore, this study suggests that the surprisingly high prevalence of CTX-M-1 producers in the Tu-nisian community might result from the abundance of the bla CTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 plasmid in animals. There is an urgent need to set up surveillance systems for antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic usage in animals (particularly in the food chain) in Tunisia.pational Health & Safety (ANSES). Raoudha Grami has a fellowship from the Région Rhô ne-Alpes (Accueil Doc, CMIRA 2011) and from the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique in Tunisia.